2022年经济学人 英国食品价格飙升 继续推动通货膨胀

（单词翻译）

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Markets reacted positively¹ to the British government’s decision to scrap² most of its unfunded tax cuts.

英国政府决定取消大部分无资金准备的减税措施，市场对此反应积极。

The yield on 30-year gilts³ fell back to around 4.2%, still higher than it was just before the mini-budget spooked investors⁴ in late September.

30年期英国国债的收益率回落至4.2%左右，仍高于9月底迷你预算令投资者恐慌之前的水平。

The pound traded around $1.12, not far off its lows in recent days.

英镑兑美元汇率约为1英镑兑1.12美元，接近最近几天的低点。

Jeremy Hunt, the new chancellor⁵, is reportedly mulling windfall taxes on banks and energy companies to help plug a fiscal⁶ gap still worth tens of billions of pounds.

据报道，新任财政大臣杰里米·亨特正在考虑对银行和能源公司征收暴利税，以帮助填补仍高达数百亿英镑的财政缺口。

Big cuts to public spending are also in the offing.

即将会大幅削减公共支出。

The Bank of England said it would start selling the bonds it has accumulated through its quantitative-easing programmes on November 1st, but only short- and medium-dated gilts and not bonds with a maturity⁷ of more than 20 years, which saw the sharpest sell-off in the recent turmoil⁸.

英国央行表示，将于11月1日开始出售通过量化宽松计划积累的债券，但只出售中短期国债，而非期限超过20年的国债，这些债券在最近的动荡中遭遇了最严重的抛售。

The central bank started buying longer-maturity bonds in late September to calm markets, but after two weeks that programme has now ended.

英国央行在9月下旬开始购买限期较长期债券以安抚市场，但两周后，这一计划已经结束。

Britain’s annual inflation rate rose in September, hitting 10.1% (the level it was at in July).

英国的年度通货膨胀率在9月份上升，达到10.1%(与7月份持平)。

Food prices made the largest contribution to inflation between August and September.

在8月到9月间，食品价格是造成通货膨胀的主要原因。

They have risen by 14.6% over the past year.

在过去的一年里，食品价格上涨了14.6%。

Although that was the biggest jump since 1980, staples⁹ like milk and butter were up by even more, some 30%.

尽管这是自1980年以来的最大涨幅，但牛奶和黄油等主要食品的涨幅更大，涨幅约为30%。

Energy costs were up by 70%, as gas prices nearly doubled over the year.

能源成本上涨了70%，天然气价格在过去一年几乎翻了一番。

There is no sign of the cost-of-living crisis receding¹⁰ for British households.

没有迹象表明英国家庭的生活成本危机正在消退。

A raft of earnings¹¹ from America’s big banks showed a decline in profits as rocky markets took a toll¹² on their lucrative¹³ investment-banking¹⁴ business.

美国各大银行的巨额收益显示，由于动荡的市场对利润丰厚的投资银行业务造成了影响，它们的利润有所下降。

But at Goldman Sachs, where net income was down by 43%, year on year, another problem is its expansion into retail¹⁵ banking.

但在净利润同比下降43%的高盛，另一个问题是其向零售银行业务的扩张。

Its boss, David Solomon, announced another reorganisation of the bank, splitting up its consumer business by rolling its savings¹⁶ and wealth products into asset-management and putting lending into a new division called Platform.

高盛的老板大卫·所罗门宣布了另一项银行重组计划，通过将储蓄和财富产品并入资产管理，并将贷款业务并入一个名为“平台”的新部门，从而拆分了消费业务。

Swiss Re estimated that its claims from Hurricane Ian would come in at $1.3bn, causing a quarterly loss of $500m.

瑞士再保险公司估算，飓风“伊恩”造成的索赔将达到13亿美元，造成5亿美元的季度亏损。

The reinsurance company reckons the total insured market loss from the storm, which hit west Florida in September, would be between $50bn and $65bn.

这家再保险公司估计，去年9月袭击佛罗里达州西部的这场风暴给保险市场造成的总损失将在500亿至650亿美元之间。

That could make it the second-most costly¹⁷ hurricane for insurers, behind Katrina in 2005.

飓风“伊恩”可能成为令保险公司损失第二大的飓风，仅次于2005年的飓风“卡特里娜”。

The International Energy Agency said that, “defying expectations”, global carbon-dioxide emissions¹⁸ are expected to grow by only 1% this year.

国际能源署表示，“出乎预期”，今年全球二氧化碳排放量预计仅增长1%。

The increase would have been much larger, it said, if it were not for the take-up of renewable energy and electric cars.

国际能源署称，如果不是可再生能源和电动汽车的使用，该增幅将会更大。