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Historic racism1 creates barriers to beach access in towns across the country
Residents-only policies at many of the nation's town-owned beaches mean low-income people and people of color have less access to the shore.
RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:
When I moved to the East Coast many years ago, I could not get over the fact that many beaches are off-limits to the public. A lot of beaches owned by towns along the coast have these residents-only policies. As Chris Burrell from member station GBH reports, that means a whole lot of people are effectively cut off from the shore, and that's the point.
CHRIS BURRELL, BYLINE3: Fredy Hincapie is looking out over the ocean from a waterfront park in Lynn, a low-income, multiracial city just north of Boston. This 27-year-old Colombian immigrant says when he went looking for a beach, the closest ones were either polluted or so crowded that parking lots filled up on hot summer days. Even more frustrating4, a couple of miles away in the town next door, wealthier and much whiter Nahant puts up highly visible signs prohibiting nonresidents from parking near its beaches.
(SOUNDBITE OF SKATEBOARD ROLLING)
BURRELL: Then Hincapie got clever, skateboarding miles from his city into this exclusive town so he can plunge5 into the ocean from its picturesque6 red cliffs.
FREDY HINCAPIE: There's this therapeutic7, like, tranquility.
BURRELL: Still, he worries that he doesn't really belong here.
HINCAPIE: Like, are the cops going to come? Even the neighbors usually are just like, hey, somebody's around here. Can you guys just get them out of here?
BURRELL: He says most Latinos he knows never make it to the coast, even though they can see it most any day.
HINCAPIE: They never touch the ocean because they just never thought it was possible or they could do something with it.
BURRELL: Boston sociologist8 Neenah Estrella-Luna isn't surprised. She co-authored a study this year that showed huge disparities in access to open space for marginalized communities all over New England.
NEENAH ESTRELLA-LUNA: Even where you have actual public beaches, protected open spaces, people of color are often intentionally9 made to feel unwelcome. It's very difficult to get there. These little signals that people experience are also a major barrier.
BURRELL: Massachusetts has one of the country's most restricted coastlines, much of it privately10 owned down to the low-tide line or controlled by coastal11 towns that charge nonresidents much higher fees for entry or ban them outright12. Wealthy shoreline communities in New Jersey13 and around Chicago have faced criticism for similar practices.
(SOUNDBITE OF FOGHORN)
BURRELL: Off the coast of Massachusetts on the island of Martha's Vineyard, reached most often by ferries like this one, the roots of beach segregation14 and racist15 housing practices lie hidden inside heavy binders16 on steel shelves at the local real estate deeds registry. Several deeds dating back as far as the 1920s include rights to nearby beaches, but language in the deeds mandated17 the homes were meant only for persons of the white race who are of the Christian18 religion. These racist covenants19 are illegal now, but as Estrella-Luna says, the intent behind them resonates to the present.
ESTRELLA-LUNA: You would definitely see it in coastal communities that have been persistently20 white and also persistently higher income. It's part of the longer legacy21 of creating that sense of some people belong here, and everyone else does not.
BURRELL: Martha's Vineyard is now known for its upscale Black summer community, but the legacy of exclusionary22 beaches survives here. Its most outspoken23 critic is Erik Albert, an African American innkeeper in the island town of Oak Bluffs24. Coming out of his Victorian inn's kitchen, Albert says a pledge by leaders in a neighboring town to stand against racial injustice25 after the George Floyd murder doesn't line up with its residents-only beaches.
ERIK ALBERT: If we're a community that sticks together, then you don't deny people from going to your town beach.
BURRELL: Other critics call these exclusionary practices a form of environmental injustice and say America's recent reckoning with racism is refocusing policymakers on widening access. Experts say California is one state moving in the right direction. The state funds programs specifically aimed at getting kids from marginalized communities to engage with beaches, surfing, kayaking or just exploring tide pools. For NPR News, I'm Chris Burrell in Boston.
1 racism | |
n.民族主义;种族歧视(意识) | |
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2 transcript | |
n.抄本,誊本,副本,肄业证书 | |
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3 byline | |
n.署名;v.署名 | |
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4 frustrating | |
adj.产生挫折的,使人沮丧的,令人泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的现在分词 );挫败;使受挫折;令人沮丧 | |
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5 plunge | |
v.跳入,(使)投入,(使)陷入;猛冲 | |
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6 picturesque | |
adj.美丽如画的,(语言)生动的,绘声绘色的 | |
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7 therapeutic | |
adj.治疗的,起治疗作用的;对身心健康有益的 | |
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8 sociologist | |
n.研究社会学的人,社会学家 | |
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9 intentionally | |
ad.故意地,有意地 | |
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10 privately | |
adv.以私人的身份,悄悄地,私下地 | |
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11 coastal | |
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的 | |
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12 outright | |
adv.坦率地;彻底地;立即;adj.无疑的;彻底的 | |
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13 jersey | |
n.运动衫 | |
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14 segregation | |
n.隔离,种族隔离 | |
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15 racist | |
n.种族主义者,种族主义分子 | |
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16 binders | |
n.(司机行话)刹车器;(书籍的)装订机( binder的名词复数 );(购买不动产时包括预付订金在内的)保证书;割捆机;活页封面 | |
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17 mandated | |
adj. 委托统治的 | |
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18 Christian | |
adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒 | |
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19 covenants | |
n.(有法律约束的)协议( covenant的名词复数 );盟约;公约;(向慈善事业、信托基金会等定期捐款的)契约书 | |
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20 persistently | |
ad.坚持地;固执地 | |
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21 legacy | |
n.遗产,遗赠;先人(或过去)留下的东西 | |
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22 exclusionary | |
adj.排斥(性)的,排除在外的 | |
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23 outspoken | |
adj.直言无讳的,坦率的,坦白无隐的 | |
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24 bluffs | |
恐吓( bluff的名词复数 ); 悬崖; 峭壁 | |
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25 injustice | |
n.非正义,不公正,不公平,侵犯(别人的)权利 | |
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