美国国家公共电台 NPR--How the cartoonist behind The Addams Family defused fear, with dead-on humor

（单词翻译）

How the cartoonist behind The Addams Family defused fear, with dead-on humor

Transcript¹

On November 3, the Society of Illustrators will induct the cartoonist Charles "Chas" Addams into its Hall of Fame. Although he drew thousands of cartoons throughout his career, Addams is best known for ghoulish and charming characters who first graced the pages of The New Yorker in the late 1930s.

After they appeared on a TV sitcom² that ran from 1964 to 1966, The Addams Family, as they came to be known, enjoyed an afterlife in syndication, as well as books, animated³ series, live-action films, a Broadway musical, a pinball machine, video games and ads hawking⁴ everything from M&Ms to home insurance. Next month, the ever-morose tween Wednesday Addams will have her own Netflix show, directed by Tim Burton.

The origins of this pop culture dynasty can be traced to the small town of Westfield, N.J., about 20 miles west of Manhattan. Addams was born there in 1912 and as a child he played in graveyards⁵, imagining those who lay beneath, and resurrecting them in his sketchbook. "If that's morbid⁷, then he started out as a morbid person, but it was more a fascination⁸ with death," explains Kevin Miserocchi, Director of the Tee & Charles Addams Foundation.

Having contributed cartoons to the student newspaper and literary magazine at Westfield High, Addams followed with brief stints⁹ at Colgate and the University of Pennsylvania. A transfer to the Grand Central School of Art brought him to New York City, where he landed a gig cleaning up crime scene photos for True Detective magazine in the early 1930s. "They wanted him to 'jazz up' the stories," says Miserocchi, "but then he would have to back off because it was too much."

In 1932 Addams sold his first spot sketch⁶ to The New Yorker. His big break came in 1940, with a captionless cartoon depicting¹⁰ a skier¹¹ whose tracks pass on both sides of a tree, which earned him a spot as a marquee contributor.

"Downhill Skier," The New Yorker, January 13, 1940

Tee & Charles Addams Foundation

Cartoonist Roz Chast first discovered Addams' work as an eight-year-old visiting the browsing¹² library at Cornell University while her parents attended summer lectures with other adults. At a time when most of The New Yorker's cartoons poked¹³ fun at boardrooms and cocktail¹⁴ parties, Chast says Addams's work stood out. "I loved almost anything that the kids were in," she recalls. In one of her favorites, a delivery man appears to be returning kids from summer camp to their parents – in animal restraining carriers.

In another, one of Addams' most well-known, it's Christmastime, 1946. Members of the yet-to-be-named Addams family are on the roof of a creepy-looking mansion¹⁵, poised¹⁶ to douse¹⁷ carolers on the street with the contents of a steaming cauldron.

"Boiling Oil," The New Yorker, December 21, 1946

Tee & Charles Addams Foundation

"You know, instead of it being sort of like, look at these hostile psychotics, what's wrong with them, it's like when you just kind of can't bear the carolers sort of thing and you just want to dump boiling oil on them," says Chast with a chuckle¹⁸.

Over time, those loosely connected characters experienced an "evilution" into a family: Morticia, her husband Gomez, their offspring Wednesday and Pugsley, Uncle Fester, Granny Frump, the butler Lurch¹⁹, and a mysterious disembodied hand called Thing. They became internationally famous denizens²⁰ of the dark side in the mid-1960s thanks to The Addams Family TV sitcom, starring John Astin as Gomez and Carolyn Jones as Morticia.

That's around the time that cartoonist Alison Bechdel encountered Addams' work — including an illustrated²¹ book of nursery rhymes. Bechdel says even an innocent verse like "girls and boys come out to play, the moon does shine as bright as day" could take a grim turn as members of the Addams Family rushed into the cemetery²² with shovels²³. On a personal level, she says she could relate.

"I really felt like I was a part of the Addams Family," Bechdel explains. "My parents looked like Morticia and Gomez, we ran a funeral home, we lived in this big old rambling²⁴ Victorian house like the Addams's did. I even looked quite a bit like Wednesday, especially in my first-grade photo where I'm actually wearing a black velvet²⁵ dress with a white collar."

As for Charles Addams, he loved to have fun with his public image, decorating his Manhattan penthouse with medieval weaponry and a Civil War-era embalming²⁶ table. But he was also known as a gracious and congenial man who loved vintage cars and animals. Addams married and divorced two raven-haired beauties resembling Morticia before wedding his third and final wife Marilyn "Tee" Matthews in a pet cemetery at her Water Mill, Long Island home in 1980. Naturally, the bride and groom²⁷ both wore black. When the couple died, he in 1988, and she in 2002, their ashes were interred²⁸ in the pet cemetery on their shared Sagaponack estate, which they affectionately called "The Swamp."

Miserocchi points out that as a cartoonist Addams' goal was never to create fear, but to defuse it, infusing the horror with a playfulness that appealed even to those who prefer daylight to the witching hour. "The suggestion of blood, the suggestion of gore²⁹, the suggestion of torture is always there but his cartoons never showed it." Subtly, but powerfully subversive³⁰, The Addams Family left readers wondering if maybe these weirdos weren't so weird³¹ after all ... and we were weirder³².

Addams' work is now shown in prestigious³³ galleries and museums. But perhaps nowhere is his enduring spirit more evident than in his hometown of Westfield, which holds a month-long celebration each October called "AddamsFest."

"Have you ever noticed how some people resemble their pets?" by Nadia Rego.

Photo courtesy of AddamsFest

There's a masquerade ball, cemetery crawls and a gallery exhibition pairing Addams' cartoons with works by aspiring³⁴ young artists who took a multi-day class to learn his print-age techniques.

"We [then] looked at a list of prompts, not knowing that they were his. And so we drew what we interpreted from that, and then we got the opportunity to look at how he drew it," says Nadia Rego, a 15-year-old participant. Even though Addams and Rego may be separated by nearly a century, the humor is still dead on.