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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science, I'm Cynthia Graber. This'll just take a minute. 

If evolution weeds out detrimental1 traits, why do some seem to stick around? Well what's bad in our current environment may have been good in the conditions under which we evolved. New research indicates that even the tendency toward Attention Deficit2 Hyperactivity Disorder3 may have been beneficial under the right circumstances. The study was published this week in BioMed Central. Dan Eisenberg is an anthropologist4 at Northwestern University. He investigated two groups of the same tribe of Kenyans. One group still lives a traditional nomadic5 life style, and one recently settled in villages. About 20% of individuals in both groups have a genetic7 mutation8 that's associated with food cravings and ADHD. Eisenberg collected body mass index and height data of adult males. Those with the ADHD associated gene6 who were still nomads9 were better nourished than those without the gene. But those with the gene who'd settled down were less fit. The ADHD related gene may encourage behaviors beneficial for nomads. A boy with this allele might more effectively defend livestock10 or locate food and water sources. But maybe he wouldn't do so well at farming or sitting in a classroom. 

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60-Second Science, and I'm Cynthia Graber.


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1 detrimental 1l2zx     
adj.损害的，造成伤害的
参考例句：
  • We know that heat treatment is detrimental to milk.我们知道加热对牛奶是不利的。
  • He wouldn't accept that smoking was detrimental to health.他不相信吸烟有害健康。
2 deficit tmAzu     
n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差
参考例句：
  • The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
  • We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。
3 disorder Et1x4     
n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调
参考例句：
  • When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
  • It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
4 anthropologist YzgzPk     
n.人类学家，人类学者
参考例句：
  • The lecturer is an anthropologist.这位讲师是人类学家。
  • The anthropologist unearthed the skull of an ancient human at the site.人类学家在这个遗址挖掘出那块古人类的颅骨。
5 nomadic 0H5xx     
adj.流浪的；游牧的
参考例句：
  • This tribe still live a nomadic life.这个民族仍然过着游牧生活。
  • The plowing culture and the nomadic culture are two traditional principal cultures in China.农耕文化与游牧文化是我国传统的两大主体文化。
6 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子，基因
参考例句：
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
7 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的，遗传学的
参考例句：
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
8 mutation t1PyM     
n.变化，变异，转变
参考例句：
  • People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
  • So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止，严格来讲，讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。
9 nomads 768a0f027c2142bf3f626e9422a6ffe9     
n.游牧部落的一员( nomad的名词复数 )；流浪者；游牧生活；流浪生活
参考例句：
  • For ten years she dwelled among the nomads of North America. 她在北美游牧民中生活了十年。
  • Nomads have inhabited this region for thousands of years. 游牧民族在这地区居住已有数千年了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 livestock c0Wx1     
n.家畜，牲畜
参考例句：
  • Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
  • The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。

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