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自考英语综合二下册课文 lesson 13

时间:2011-03-11 02:50:54

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  [00:00.00]Lesson Thirteen  Text
[00:05.09]How to Grow Old Bertrand Russell
[00:10.66]In spite of the title,this article will really be on how not to grow old
[00:20.51]which at my time of life, is a much more important subject.
[00:28.26]My parents died young,
[00:32.84]I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors
[00:40.39]My maternal1 grandfather,it is true,
[00:45.95]was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven,
[00:54.41]but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty.
[01:01.68]Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age,
[01:11.05]and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off.
[01:20.01]A greatgrandmother of mine lived to the age of ninety-two,
[01:26.54]and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants.
[01:35.29]My maternal grandmother,after having nine children who survived,
[01:43.44]one who died in infancy2, and many miscarriages3,
[01:50.50]as soon as she became a widow devoted4 herself to women's higher education.
[01:58.67]She was one of the founders5 of Girton College,
[02:04.00]and worked hard at opening the medical profession to women.
[02:09.44]She used to tell of how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman
[02:16.49]who was looking very sad.
[02:20.93]She asked him why he was so melancholy6
[02:26.78]and he said that he had just parted from his two grandchildren.
[02:34.44]"Good gracious," she exclaimed.
[02:38.69]"I have seventy-two grandchildren,
[02:43.55]and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them,
[02:50.21]I should have a miserable7 existence!"
[02:54.37]"Madre snaturale," he replied.
[02:59.12]But speaking as one of the seventy-two, I prefer her recipe.
[03:06.49]After the age of eighty she found she had some difficulty in getting to sleep,
[03:14.74]so she habitually8 spent the hours from midnight to 3 a.m.
[03:22.32]in reading popular science.
[03:27.28]I do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old.
[03:35.93]This, I think, is the proper recipe for remaining young.
[03:42.88]If you have wide and keen interests and activities
[03:48.62]in which you can still be effective,
[03:52.67]you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical9 fact
[04:00.25]of the number of years you have already lived,
[04:06.00]still less of the probable shortness of your future.
[04:12.97]As regards health,
[04:16.63]I have nothing useful to say as I have little experience of illness.
[04:24.18]I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake.
[04:33.42]I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health,
[04:42.17]though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome10.
[04:49.83]Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age.
[04:58.08]One of these is too great an absorption in the past.
[05:04.35]One should not live in memories, in regrets for the good old days,
[05:12.82]or in sadness about friends who are dead.
[05:18.28]One's thoughts must be directed to the future
[05:23.60]and to things about which there is something to be done.
[05:29.46]This is not always easy;one's own past is a gradually increasing weight.
[05:39.30]It is easy to think to oneself that one's emotions
[05:46.07]used to be more vivid than they are,and one's mind more keen.
[05:53.93]If this is true it should be forgotten,
[05:59.50]and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.
[06:06.55]The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth
[06:13.39]in the hope of finding strength in its vitality11.
[06:19.35]When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives,
[06:26.40]and if you continue to be as interested in them
[06:32.96]as you were when they were young,
[06:37.04]you are likely to become a burden to them,
[06:42.31]unless they are unusually insensible.
[06:48.16]I do not mean that one should be without interest in them,
[06:54.54]but one's interest should be contemplative and, if possible,
[07:02.40]philanthropic,but not too emotional.

  [07:08.25]Animals become indifferent to their young
[07:13.68]as soon as their young can look after themselves,
[07:19.01]but human beings,owing to the length of infancy, find this less easy.
[07:28.68]I think that a successful old age is easiest
[07:36.33]for those who have strong impersonal12 interests leading to suitable activities.
[07:45.48]It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful,
[07:53.13]and that the wisdom born of experience can be used without becoming a burden.
[08:01.78]It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes,
[08:08.15]both because they will not believe you,
[08:13.19]and because mistakes are an essential part of education.
[08:19.96]But if you are one of those who are incapable13 of impersonal interests,
[08:28.32]you may find that your life will be empty
[08:33.59]unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren In that case
[08:41.25]you must realise that while you can still help them in material ways,
[08:48.40]as by making them an allowance or knitting than jumpers,
[08:55.07]you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.
[09:01.44]Some old people are troubled by the fear of death.
[09:08.21]In the young there is a justification14 for this feeling.
[09:13.56]Young men who have reason to fear they will be killed in battle
[09:19.91]may justifiable15 feel bitter in the thought
[09:25.79]that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.
[09:32.45]But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows
[09:39.81]and has done whatever work it was in him to do
[09:45.98]the fear of death is somewhat ignoble16.
[09:51.93]The best way to overcome it so at least it seems to me
[09:58.31]is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal,
[10:05.44]until bit by bit the walls of the ego17 recede18,
[10:12.49]and your life becomes increasingly part of the universal life.
[10:20.85]An individual human existence should be like a river
[10:27.20]small at first,narrowly contained within its banks,
[10:34.33]and rushing passionately19 past rocks and over waterfalls.
[10:40.60]Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede,
[10:47.37]the waters flow more quietly,and in the end.
[10:54.13]without any visible break,
[10:59.10]they become part of the sea,and painlessly lose their individual being.
[11:07.64]The man who,in old age, can see his life in this way,
[11:15.11]will not suffer from the fear of death,
[11:19.55]since the thing he cares for will continue.
[11:25.30]And if, with the loss of vitality, weariness increases,
[11:33.03]the thought of rest will not be unwelcome.
[11:38.31]I should wish to die while still at work,
[11:43.95]knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do,
[11:50.92]in the thought that what was possible has been done.
[11:58.47]Three Passions I Have Lived For Three passions,
[12:05.84]simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life:
[12:13.20]the longing20 for love,the search for knowledge,
[12:20.26]and unbearable21 pity for the suffering of mankind.
[12:26.74]These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither22,
[12:34.99]in a wayward course over a deep ocean of anguish23,
[12:41.84]reaching to the very verge24 of despair.
[12:47.79]I have sought love,first,because it brings ecstasy25
[12:54.87]so greatthat I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life
[13:02.73]for a few hours of this joy.
[13:07.88]I have sought it,next, because it relieves loneliness
[13:15.14]that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness
[13:22.72]looks over the rim26 of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.
[13:32.98]I have sought it,finally, because in the union of love I have seen,
[13:41.03]in a mystic miniature,
[13:44.69]the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined.
[13:52.23]This is what I sought,
[13:56.08]and though it might seem too good for human life,
[14:01.82]this is what at last .I have found.
[14:07.10]With equal passion I have sought knowledge.
[14:13.94]I have wished to understand the hearts of men.
[14:20.21]I have wished to know why the stars shine...

  [14:25.85]A little of this,but not much,I have achieved.
[14:32.62]Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible,
[14:38.99]led upward toward the heavens.
[14:44.04]But always pity brought me back to earth.
[14:50.38]Echoes of cries of pain reverberate27 in my heart.
[14:57.23]Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors,
[15:04.88]helpless old people a hated burden to their sons,
[15:11.41]and the whole world of loneliness, poverty,and pain
[15:19.35]make a mockery of what human life should be.
[15:24.79]I long to alleviate28 the evil,but I cannot, and I too suffer.
[15:34.64]This has been my life.
[15:39.00]I have found it worth living,
[15:43.57]and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.


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1 maternal 57Azi     
adj.母亲的,母亲般的,母系的,母方的
参考例句:
  • He is my maternal uncle.他是我舅舅。
  • The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。
2 infancy F4Ey0     
n.婴儿期;幼年期;初期
参考例句:
  • He came to England in his infancy.他幼年时期来到英国。
  • Their research is only in its infancy.他们的研究处于初级阶段。
3 miscarriages 2c3546985b1786ea597757cadb396a39     
流产( miscarriage的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Miscarriages are usually caused by abnormal chromosome patterns in the fetus. 流产通常是因为胎儿的染色体异常造成的。
  • Criminals go unpunishedareconvicted and are miscarriages of justice. 罪犯会逍遥法外,法律会伤及无辜,审判不公时有发生。
4 devoted xu9zka     
adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的
参考例句:
  • He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
  • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
5 founders 863257b2606659efe292a0bf3114782c     
n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
  • The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句
6 melancholy t7rz8     
n.忧郁,愁思;adj.令人感伤(沮丧)的,忧郁的
参考例句:
  • All at once he fell into a state of profound melancholy.他立即陷入无尽的忧思之中。
  • He felt melancholy after he failed the exam.这次考试没通过,他感到很郁闷。
7 miserable g18yk     
adj.悲惨的,痛苦的;可怜的,糟糕的
参考例句:
  • It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他,这是可耻的。
  • Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。
8 habitually 4rKzgk     
ad.习惯地,通常地
参考例句:
  • The pain of the disease caused him habitually to furrow his brow. 病痛使他习惯性地紧皱眉头。
  • Habitually obedient to John, I came up to his chair. 我已经习惯于服从约翰,我来到他的椅子跟前。
9 statistical bu3wa     
adj.统计的,统计学的
参考例句:
  • He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
  • They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。
10 wholesome Uowyz     
adj.适合;卫生的;有益健康的;显示身心健康的
参考例句:
  • In actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.实际上我喜欢做的事大都是有助于增进身体健康的。
  • It is not wholesome to eat without washing your hands.不洗手吃饭是不卫生的。
11 vitality lhAw8     
n.活力,生命力,效力
参考例句:
  • He came back from his holiday bursting with vitality and good health.他度假归来之后,身强体壮,充满活力。
  • He is an ambitious young man full of enthusiasm and vitality.他是个充满热情与活力的有远大抱负的青年。
12 impersonal Ck6yp     
adj.无个人感情的,与个人无关的,非人称的
参考例句:
  • Even his children found him strangely distant and impersonal.他的孩子们也认为他跟其他人很疏远,没有人情味。
  • His manner seemed rather stiff and impersonal.他的态度似乎很生硬冷淡。
13 incapable w9ZxK     
adj.无能力的,不能做某事的
参考例句:
  • He would be incapable of committing such a cruel deed.他不会做出这么残忍的事。
  • Computers are incapable of creative thought.计算机不会创造性地思维。
14 justification x32xQ     
n.正当的理由;辩解的理由
参考例句:
  • There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
  • In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。
15 justifiable a3ExP     
adj.有理由的,无可非议的
参考例句:
  • What he has done is hardly justifiable.他的所作所为说不过去。
  • Justifiable defense is the act being exempted from crimes.正当防卫不属于犯罪行为。
16 ignoble HcUzb     
adj.不光彩的,卑鄙的;可耻的
参考例句:
  • There's something cowardly and ignoble about such an attitude.这种态度有点怯懦可鄙。
  • Some very great men have come from ignoble families.有些伟人出身低微。
17 ego 7jtzw     
n.自我,自己,自尊
参考例句:
  • He is absolute ego in all thing.在所有的事情上他都绝对自我。
  • She has been on an ego trip since she sang on television.她上电视台唱过歌之后就一直自吹自擂。
18 recede sAKzB     
vi.退(去),渐渐远去;向后倾斜,缩进
参考例句:
  • The colleges would recede in importance.大学的重要性会降低。
  • He saw that the dirty water had begun to recede.他发现那污浊的水开始往下退了。
19 passionately YmDzQ4     
ad.热烈地,激烈地
参考例句:
  • She could hate as passionately as she could love. 她能恨得咬牙切齿,也能爱得一往情深。
  • He was passionately addicted to pop music. 他酷爱流行音乐。
20 longing 98bzd     
n.(for)渴望
参考例句:
  • Hearing the tune again sent waves of longing through her.再次听到那首曲子使她胸中充满了渴望。
  • His heart burned with longing for revenge.他心中燃烧着急欲复仇的怒火。
21 unbearable alCwB     
adj.不能容忍的;忍受不住的
参考例句:
  • It is unbearable to be always on thorns.老是处于焦虑不安的情况中是受不了的。
  • The more he thought of it the more unbearable it became.他越想越觉得无法忍受。
22 thither cgRz1o     
adv.向那里;adj.在那边的,对岸的
参考例句:
  • He wandered hither and thither looking for a playmate.他逛来逛去找玩伴。
  • He tramped hither and thither.他到处流浪。
23 anguish awZz0     
n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦,烦恼
参考例句:
  • She cried out for anguish at parting.分手时,她由于痛苦而失声大哭。
  • The unspeakable anguish wrung his heart.难言的痛苦折磨着他的心。
24 verge gUtzQ     
n.边,边缘;v.接近,濒临
参考例句:
  • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
  • She was on the verge of bursting into tears.她快要哭出来了。
25 ecstasy 9kJzY     
n.狂喜,心醉神怡,入迷
参考例句:
  • He listened to the music with ecstasy.他听音乐听得入了神。
  • Speechless with ecstasy,the little boys gazed at the toys.小孩注视着那些玩具,高兴得说不出话来。
26 rim RXSxl     
n.(圆物的)边,轮缘;边界
参考例句:
  • The water was even with the rim of the basin.盆里的水与盆边平齐了。
  • She looked at him over the rim of her glass.她的目光越过玻璃杯的边沿看着他。
27 reverberate 1BIzS     
v.使回响,使反响
参考例句:
  • The decision will reverberate and will jar the country.这项决定将引起反响并震撼这个国家。
  • Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my hear.痛苦呼喊的一遍遍的在我的心中回响。
28 alleviate ZxEzJ     
v.减轻,缓和,缓解(痛苦等)
参考例句:
  • The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain.医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。
  • Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。

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