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(单词翻译)

  [00:00.00]Some unique characteristics of life insurance
[00:03.92]Life insurance is a risk-pooling plan,an economic device through which the risk of premature1 death is transferred from the individual to the group.
[00:14.29]However,the contingency2 insured against has certain characteristics that make it unique;
[00:20.45]as a result,the contract insuring against the contingency is different in many respects from other types of insurance.
[00:28.94]The event insured against is an eventual3 certainty.No one lives forever.
[00:35.66]Yet life insurance does not violate the requirements of an insurable risk,for it is not the possibility of death itself that is insured,but rather untimely death.
[00:47.36]The risk in life insurance is not whether the individual is going to die,but when,and the risk increases from year to year.
[00:56.61]The chance of loss under a life insurance contract is greater the second year of the contract,
[01:02.51]as far as the company is concerned,than it was the first year,and so on,until the insured eventually dies.
[01:10.30]Yet,through the mechanism4 of the law of large numbers,as we shall see,
[01:15.86]the insurance company can promise to pay a specified5 sum to the beneficiary no matter when death comes.
[01:23.04]There is no possibility of partial loss in life insurance as there is in the case of property and liability insurance.
[01:31.40]Therefore,all policies are cash payment policies.In the event that a loss occurs,the company will pay the face amount of the policy.
[01:41.64]Life insurance is not a contract of indemnity6
[01:45.56]The principle of indemnity applies on a modified basis in the case of life insurance.
[01:51.70]In most lines of insurance,an attempt is made to put the individual back in exactly the same financial position after a loss as before the loss.
[02:01.99]For obvious reasons,this is not possible in life insurance.The simple fact of the matter is that we cannot place a value on a human life.
[02:11.13]As a legal principle,every contract of insurance must be supported by an insurable interest,
[02:17.74]but in life insurance,the requirement of insurable interest is applied7 somewhat differently than in property and liability insurance.
[02:26.44]When the individual taking out the policy is also the insured,there is no legal problem concerning insurable interest.
[02:34.70]The courts have held that every individual has an unlimited8 insurable interest in his or her own life,
[02:42.04]and that a person may assign that insurable interest to anyone.
[02:46.53]In other words,there is no legal limit to the amount of insurance one may take out on one's own life
[02:53.64]and no legal limitations as to whom one may name as beneficiary.
[02:59.41]The important question of insurable interest arises when the person taking out the insurance is someone other than the person whose life is concerned.
[03:08.55]In such cases,the law requires that an insurable interest exists at the time the contract is taken out.
[03:16.44]There are many relationships that provide the basis for an insurable interest.
[03:21.01]Husbands and wives have an insurable interest in each other;so do partners.
[03:27.12]A corporation may have an insurable interest in the life of one of its executives.
[03:32.64]In most cases,a parent has an insurable interest in the life of a child,
[03:37.78]although the extent of this interest may be limited by statute9.
[03:42.33]A creditor10 has an insurable interest in the life of a debtor,although this too is usually confined by statute to the amount of the debt or slightly more.
[03:53.43]Health care insurance outstrips11 inflation
[03:56.80]THE COST of private medical insurance goes up today by an average of about four per cent,
[04:02.39]nearly three times the rate of inflation.
[04:05.03]Some elderly subscribers face rises as high as 18 per cent.
[04:09.65]The rises come at a time when the number of people taking out private medical insurance is falling after several steep above-inflation increases in recent years.
[04:20.00]This year's increases are the smallest for several years and some subscribers,particularly younger ones,will see no increase at all or even a cut in the cost of premium12
[04:30.94]BUPA,the largest private health group,is increasing premiums13 by between 10 and 18.2 per cent for older subscribers on higher scales of cover,
[04:41.65]but some younger people on cheaper policies will get a cut of as much as 15 per cent.
[04:47.16]Premiums are set to rise again later in the year after the Government's decision in the Budget,
[04:52.34]to impose a three per cent tax on various forms of insurance,including private medical insurance.
[04:58.58]A spokesman for BUPA said no decision had yet been taken on how this tax would affect premiums or whether it would be partially14 absorbed.
[05:07.23]Although the cost of private medical insurance for individuals is rising,
[05:11.67]BUPA is freezing the cost of its company scheme until next July and says that from now prices will be reviewed only once a year,
[05:20.08]instead of twice as in recent years.
[05:22.77]Mr Roger Hymas,BUPA marketing15 director,said premiums for elderly people were higher because of the demand they made on medical services.
[05:31.70]The average cost of a claim made by patients under 60 was £983 last year,
[05:38.13]but the average cost for those over 60 was £1,390 and premiums reflected the difference.
[05:45.31]He said:"We are very conscious that many people have been loyal subscribers without making claims over many years yet find their premiums rise sharply as they get older.
[05:56.08]"We are working on a scheme to smooth the cost over a lifetime so that people may pay a little more in their younger years for the sake of minimising increases when they get older."
[06:07.39]BUPA has also introduced a range of policies which offers lower premiums in return for some restrictions16,
[06:14.02]such as limiting treatment to a local hospital or being treated in an NHS paybed.
[06:20.19]Mr Hymas said:"We can often reduce premiums by as much as 15-20 per cent
[06:26.40]while still retaining the essentials of private cover for people willing to change their type of policy."
[06:32.57]He said that although increases of four to five per cent were three times the current level of inflation,
[06:38.45]they represented a major success whent the cost of medical care had been rising by 15-20 per cent a year.
[06:45.79]He said:"We feel the private medical sector17 has come out of the recession in a remarkably18 resilient fashion
[06:52.71]with losses in the number of subscribers of no more than two to three per cent."
[06:57.25]Laing and Buisson,the health care analyst19,
[07:00.23]said those covered by private medical insurance dropped by more than 280,000 over the past three years.
[07:07.62]The number covered was 6,339,000 last year compared with the peak of 6,625,000 in 1990.
[07:18.41]This represents just under 11 per cent of the population and Laing and Buisson estimates the proportion will reach 18 per cent by the year 2000.


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1 premature FPfxV     
adj.比预期时间早的;不成熟的,仓促的
参考例句:
  • It is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。
  • The premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。
2 contingency vaGyi     
n.意外事件,可能性
参考例句:
  • We should be prepared for any contingency.我们应该对任何应急情况有所准备。
  • A fire in our warehouse was a contingency that we had not expected.库房的一场大火是我们始料未及的。
3 eventual AnLx8     
adj.最后的,结局的,最终的
参考例句:
  • Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
  • Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。
4 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
5 specified ZhezwZ     
adj.特定的
参考例句:
  • The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
  • It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。
6 indemnity O8RxF     
n.赔偿,赔款,补偿金
参考例句:
  • They paid an indemnity to the victim after the accident.他们在事故后向受害者付了赔偿金。
  • Under this treaty,they were to pay an indemnity for five million dollars.根据这项条约,他们应赔款500万美元。
7 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
8 unlimited MKbzB     
adj.无限的,不受控制的,无条件的
参考例句:
  • They flew over the unlimited reaches of the Arctic.他们飞过了茫茫无边的北极上空。
  • There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.在技术方面自以为是会很危险。
9 statute TGUzb     
n.成文法,法令,法规;章程,规则,条例
参考例句:
  • Protection for the consumer is laid down by statute.保障消费者利益已在法令里作了规定。
  • The next section will consider this environmental statute in detail.下一部分将详细论述环境法令的问题。
10 creditor tOkzI     
n.债仅人,债主,贷方
参考例句:
  • The boss assigned his car to his creditor.那工头把自己的小汽车让与了债权人。
  • I had to run away from my creditor whom I made a usurious loan.我借了高利贷不得不四处躲债。
11 outstrips 8062bd6d163d9365645f1d0af82287ec     
v.做得比…更好,(在赛跑等中)超过( outstrip的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Technology daily outstrips the ability of our institutions to cope with its fruits. 技术发展的速度超过了我们的制度所能应付其成果的程度。 来自辞典例句
  • The significance of the foreign exchange market outstrips its impressive size. 外汇市场的意义超出了它给人的印象尺度。 来自互联网
12 premium EPSxX     
n.加付款;赠品;adj.高级的;售价高的
参考例句:
  • You have to pay a premium for express delivery.寄快递你得付额外费用。
  • Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated.在水库被污染之后,清水便因稀而贵了。
13 premiums efa999cd01994787d84b066d2957eaa7     
n.费用( premium的名词复数 );保险费;额外费用;(商品定价、贷款利息等以外的)加价
参考例句:
  • He paid premiums on his life insurance last year. 他去年付了人寿保险费。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • Moves are afoot to increase car insurance premiums. 现正在酝酿提高汽车的保险费。 来自《简明英汉词典》
14 partially yL7xm     
adv.部分地,从某些方面讲
参考例句:
  • The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
  • The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静,宵禁部分解除。
15 marketing Boez7e     
n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
参考例句:
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
16 restrictions 81e12dac658cfd4c590486dd6f7523cf     
约束( restriction的名词复数 ); 管制; 制约因素; 带限制性的条件(或规则)
参考例句:
  • I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
  • a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制
17 sector yjczYn     
n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
参考例句:
  • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
  • The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。
18 remarkably EkPzTW     
ad.不同寻常地,相当地
参考例句:
  • I thought she was remarkably restrained in the circumstances. 我认为她在那种情况下非常克制。
  • He made a remarkably swift recovery. 他康复得相当快。
19 analyst gw7zn     
n.分析家,化验员;心理分析学家
参考例句:
  • What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务?
  • The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

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