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Step by Step2000第四册 Unit9 Managing Personal Development

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(单词翻译)

Unit 9 Managing Personal Development

Part I Warming up

A.

A1. The three things children need:

--First: To feel that one has options, that one maintains some control over his or her life.

--Second: To feel significant in the life of at least one other person.

--Third: To feel accepted because of his or her individuality.

A2.

First (This certainty gives people strength):

more highly motivated to work harder / overcome daunting1 difficulties and pain

Second (Children behave differently when treated differently):

--Ignored: devastating2 / cruelest / angry / depressed3 / frustrated4 / negative behavior

--Respected: thrives

Third

(Society's problem: encourage tolerance5 vs. welcome differences):

deserves / acknowledged / cherished / unique / embrace others

Tapescript:

In my more than 40 years of working with families and conducting research in family dynamics6 and the roots of human behavior, I have observed again and again a few truths. I have learned that all children -- indeed, all people -- need three certainties to feel healthy and positive about life.

First, a child needs to feel that she has options, that she maintains some control over her life. She needs to feel that she can do something to the world and the world will respond. In fact, stress, I believe, might be defined as a lack of options.

Numerous studies have shown that people who have choices are more highly motivated to work harder and even overcome daunting difficulties and pain. Burn victims in hospitals who are allowed to participate in their own care, such as by dressing7 their wounds, require less pain medication than those who are rendered helpless by having everything done for them. People want to help themselves. They become empowered in direct relation to the choices and options they perceive to be available.

The second thing that a child needs is to feel significant in the life of at least one other person.

Being ignored is devastating, one of the cruelest punishments possible. It leaves the child angry, depressed, and frustrated. When people react negatively to the child, that arouses negative behavior. When the parent respects the child's efforts to express herself, encourages her explorations, applauds her small victories, from the first tentative baby steps on, the child thrives.

Third, a child needs to feel accepted because of his or her individuality.

Each child deserves to be acknowledged and cherished for the qualities that make her unique, which can be hard to remember in a society that tends to encourage tolerance rather than welcome differences. Ideally, we should embrace others, and especially children, because of, rather than in spite of, their differences.

B.

Man 1 Woman Man 2

How to professional help self-help book club / communicate

overcome shyness? with different people

Your choice

How to stop why nervous? Nail polish transfer your habit

biting your / solve the problem into something differ-

fingernails? rent

How to get in first walk/ an personal cycle to work or

For summer? hour a day trainer school

Tapescript:

1. How to overcome shyness

Man 1: Well, I think if you're really shy it might be a good idea to see a therapist or someone like that -- you know, to get some professional help. You can't always change by yourself.

Woman: Or how about getting one of those self-help books from the library? I'm sure there are books around with lots of good suggestions that you can try.

Man 2: I think the best thing is to join a club and do activities where you have to meet and talk to different people. Like, if you join a theater group and work on putting on a play, you'll probably be able to overcome your shyness.

2. How to stop biting your fingernails

Man 1: I think biting your fingernails is just a sign of nervousness, so the first thing to do is to find out what's making you nervous. Once you've identified that problem and then solved it, the nail biting will disappear.

Woman: My sister used to bite her nails all the time, so she started wearing bright red nail polish. She bought the really expensive kinds, so she felt that she had made an investment in quitting her bad habit. I think the polish made her think about what she was doing, too. Anyway, after a few months, it worked, and she has really nice nails now. I guess if you're a guy, it's a little more difficult, though.

Man 2: Maybe you could find something else to do when you're stressed out, like tapping your fingers or counting to 100. You have to try to transfer your habit into a different activity -- one that doesn't cause such a problem.

3. Flow to get in shape for summer

Man 1: Getting in shape for summer can be easy. Just take a fairly fast walk for at least an hour a day. You'll be surprised at how much fat you can burn off just by walking every day.

Woman: I recommend getting a personal trainer at a gym. It's expensive, but a personal trainer can help you focus on what you really need to do and show you the best kinds of exercises to do to tighten8 up your tummy or whatever it is you want to tighten up.

Man 2: I think the best way to get in shape is by riding a bicycle to work or school. And on the weekends, go out for longer rides. It sounds easy, but actually, a good long bike ride can be even better for you than a workout at the gym.

C

1. Use this "chess board strategy" to create for yourself a personal career path that matches exactly with your plans and dreams, with your values and with your life's passions.

2. Botanically the tomato is a fruit. Do you expect to find tomatoes in a fruit salad? Most probably not. But the ubiquitous tomato will appear in every vegetable salad.

3. At this point the clients begin speaking to each other. But they do this by participating in activities that are designed to help them better understand each other.

Part II Lateral9 or vertical10

A.

A1.

career deal career ladder

career structure career counseling business

career lattice career "chess board"

career planning career path

career strategy career chess player

career future career advice

A2.

1. Lifetime loyalty11 -- career

structure / guarantee a job

for life

2. '80s boom -- work longer

hours / more stressful / good

cause: money, promotion12

3. Wrong -- redundancy /

anxious / no time for private

life / drained of creative

energy / dissatisfied

1. New buzzword – career lattice / career ladder vs. career chess board

2. Play career chess – wider view of career path / overall career strategy

3. Lateral thinking – step sideways / move a step back / move forward again

4. Self-management – manage yourself / business asset: skills, imagination, creative talents, knowledge

5. Money or life -- moral and emotional rewards vs. financial rewards / interesting, creative vs. bank balance

Tapescript:

Lifetime loyalty. Your parents knew all about it. Back then the career deal was. you devoted13 your working life to one employer; you started at the bottom of the career ladder and worked your way up in a straight line slowly; you reached the top and you retired14. End of the story.

It sounds simple. Things were simple back then. Employers offered you a career structure and they virtually guaranteed you a job for life. They called it cradle-to-grave employment.

Then came the boom years of the eighties. Personal life was put on hold while company life took over. People worked longer hours at their workplace, and their jobs became more stressful. But it was all in a good cause, right? Money, promotion up the career ladder? That's what most people thought.

For many people, however, things went wrong. Instead of promotion came redundancy. Those still with a job found that the stressful working environment left them feeling anxious about their career ladder. It also left them without time for a private life. Many people felt drained of creative energy and dissatisfied with their lives. It was time for a change.

Things are indeed changing, especially for young people just beginning their career. The new buzzword in the career counseling business is "career lattice.' Instead of a career ladder, think of a career "chess board. '

New career planning is like playing chess. To move forward in chess, you sometimes have to move sideways, or even move back. The same could be now true of your career. You need to take a wider view of your career path. Examine your overall career strategy. Be a career chess player.

You are not happy in your job? You can't see a career future? Or do you feel anxious about your company's ability to provide you with the opportunities you need? If so, try to think laterally15. The solution to your worries could be to step sideways into a related job in another industry, or even move a step back to a lower position in a totally different area of work. Once there, you can begin to move forward again.

Use this "chess board strategy" to create yourself a personal career path that matches exactly with your plans and dreams, with your values and with your life's passions.

It's called self-management. The word speaks for itself. You become your own manager. You manage yourself. You manage your career as you manage a business. Think of yourself as a business asset. How do you make the most of your assets: your skills, imagination, creative talents, knowledge?

The best career advice anyone can give you is to look for moral and emotional rewards as well as the usual financial rewards from your career. Make yourself into an interesting and creative person who is more than just their bank balance.

B.

B1. Tapescript:

A man worked in a tall office building. Each morning he got into the lift on the ground floor, pressed the lift button to the 11th floor. Got out of the lift and walked up to the 16th floor. At night he would get into the lift on the 16th floor, and get out on the ground floor. What was the reason for this?

Now here is the solution. Did you guess right?

Tapescript:

The man was a dwarf16 and couldn't reach higher than the 11th floor button.

B2.

VT. select the best way of looking at a problem

LT: create many alternative approaches

VT: move in sequential steps

LT. jump ahead and fill in the gaps later

VT. each step must be correct before the next can be approached

LT. generate a range of solutions without providing steps

VT. use fixed17 categories

LT: labels may change according to experience and point of view

VT: examine obvious approach, exclude irrelevant18 ones, in search of one final answer

LT: may be no answer

Tapescript:

Since most of us have been trained to think vertically19 and believe this way of thinking to be the only effective form, it is my initial task to address the contrasts between vertical and lateral thinking,

First, vertical thinking selects what appears to be the best way of looking at a problem. Lateral thinking creates many alternative approaches. There's an old riddle20 which could illustrate21 these different approaches to problem solving. When you've heard it, try to find the solution.

A man worked in a tall office building. Each morning he got into the lift on the ground floor, pressed the lift button to the 11th floor. Got out of the lift and walked up to the 16th floor. At night he would get into the lift on the 16th floor, and get out on the ground floor. What was the reason for this?

The man was a dwarf and couldn't reach higher than the 11th floor button. The natural assumption is that the man is normal and the behavior is abnormal. In fact, it is just the opposite.

Let us continue with other contrasts. When we think vertically, we move in sequential steps, rather like an old man climbing a ladder. In lateral thinking, it is possible to jump ahead and then fill in the gaps later. The solution may make sense, even though the pathway is not vertical. It is certainly true that scientific research is often based on vertical thinking, However, the discovery of penicillin22 and its life-saving developments were the result of lateral thinking

Another difference is that vertical thinking implies that each problem-solving step must be correct before the next can be approached. Think back to the way you learned mathematics: addition, subtraction23, multiplication24, division. Were you asked to show the process even when the result was correct? Indeed mathematics could not function without this discipline. Lateral thinking differs in that it is possible to generate a range of hypothetical solutions without providing steps of the process.

There're many different ways of reaching the same destination. However, we must now conclude with further aspects of lateral and vertical thinking. Let me pose a question. Is the tomato a fruit or a vegetable? In vertical thinking, we use fixed categories, whereas in lateral thinking, labels may change according to our experience and point of view. Botanically the tomato is a fruit. Do you expect to find tomatoes in a fruit salad? Most probably not. But the ubiquitous tomato will appear in every vegetable salad.

Vertical thinking is to examine the obvious approach and exclude what seems to be irrelevant. Vertical thinking by its nature is in search of one final answer. Lateral thinkers are aware that there may be no answer at all.

Finally, and you must be wondering whether you'll be able to think tomorrow, the differences are fundamental, and the thought processes are distinct. But never forget that neither process can be discarded. Both are useful. Both are necessary. They're complementary.

Part III Mediation25 skills

Tapescript:

Today we are going to discuss the steps involved in mediation counseling. The skills that make up mediation counseling will be useful to you in a variety of situations -- for instance, helping26 a couple that is having problems in their relationship or parents who are having trouble with a teenager. Through mediation counseling, people can learn to take a series of steps that will lead them to identify problems and create solutions.

Step One: Setting Up a Positive Environment

In step one the mediator27 wants to set up an environment that will help the clients to speak frankly28 about what has upset them without attacking the other person. This is first done by clearly stating specific rules about how the clients will be allowed to behave during mediation sessions. For example, clients must treat each other with respect. They may not shout at the other person or interrupt them when they are speaking. After the rules have been established, each client will take a turn speaking directly to the mediator. They will state their point of view concerning the problem. If they are having difficulty, the mediator will facilitate the process by asking questions like "What's been going on between the two of you?" or "How has this problem affected29 you?" Another thing the mediator will do is to rephrase statements that sound very aggressive and accusatory. For example, if Robert is mad at Vicky, he might say something like this: "The Problem is Vicky's always late. She has no respect for my time. She always keeps me waiting." To avoid having Vicky get angry when she hears this, the mediator would rephrase it, focusing on the real issue instead of on how bad Vicky is. The mediator might say something like this: "So you feel really frustrated and impatient when you arrive promptly30 and then have to wait a long time for ~he other person." When both clients have finished sharing their side of the story with the mediator, the mediator will list and clarify the problems. In the case of Robert and Vicky the mediator could say. "There seems to be a problem finding a way to organize time that is comfortable for both of you."

Step Two: Identifying the Bottom Line

In step two the mediator helps the clients to identify the bottom line. This is done by breaking their conflict down into specific issues which are emotional and behavioral. People might say they are mad about a specific behavior, lint31 what they are really mad about is how it makes them feel. To look again at the case of Robert and Vicky, the mediator might help them to see that while time seems to be the issue, the real issue is that Robert feels Vicky does not respect him. At this point .the clients begin speaking to each other. But they do this by. participating in activities that are designed to help them better understand each other. Maybe they could do a role reversal, and Vicky could talk about how she would feel if she and Robert were supposed to have dinner with friends and he came an hour late. Robert could share reasons why he might be late for something, Hopefully, this will help Robert and Vicky be more sympathetic with one another.

Step Three: Brainstorm32

Now it's time to talk about solutions. In step three the mediator encourages the clients to share every possible solution to their problem, no matter how ridiculous or extreme. The clients must accept all the solutions either one of them suggests. They may not criticize each other during this step in the process. As they are making suggestions, the mediator writes down all their different ideas. When everyone has .run out of suggestions, they look at their list. They try to identify which solution is best, which one is most reasonable or practical, which ones are unworkable, etc. , etc. They prioritize the solutions and discuss which ones would work for them, which ones they would be willing to try. Using the solutions they have chosen, the clients, with the help of the mediator, write down some very specific steps they would take to solve their problem.
 


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1 daunting daunting     
adj.使人畏缩的
参考例句:
  • They were faced with the daunting task of restoring the house.他们面临着修复房子的艰巨任务。
  • Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect.开始一项新工作有时会让人望而却步。
2 devastating muOzlG     
adj.毁灭性的,令人震惊的,强有力的
参考例句:
  • It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
  • Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。
3 depressed xu8zp9     
adj.沮丧的,抑郁的,不景气的,萧条的
参考例句:
  • When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
  • His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。
4 frustrated ksWz5t     
adj.挫败的,失意的,泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 );挫败;使受挫折;令人沮丧
参考例句:
  • It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
  • The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 tolerance Lnswz     
n.宽容;容忍,忍受;耐药力;公差
参考例句:
  • Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
  • Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。
6 dynamics NuSzQq     
n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
参考例句:
  • In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
7 dressing 1uOzJG     
n.(食物)调料;包扎伤口的用品,敷料
参考例句:
  • Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
  • The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。
8 tighten 9oYwI     
v.(使)变紧;(使)绷紧
参考例句:
  • Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
  • Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策,以避免通货膨胀。
9 lateral 83ey7     
adj.侧面的,旁边的
参考例句:
  • An airfoil that controls lateral motion.能够控制横向飞行的机翼。
  • Mr.Dawson walked into the court from a lateral door.道森先生从一个侧面的门走进法庭。
10 vertical ZiywU     
adj.垂直的,顶点的,纵向的;n.垂直物,垂直的位置
参考例句:
  • The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
  • Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。
11 loyalty gA9xu     
n.忠诚,忠心
参考例句:
  • She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
  • His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。
12 promotion eRLxn     
n.提升,晋级;促销,宣传
参考例句:
  • The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
  • The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级,加了薪。
13 devoted xu9zka     
adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的
参考例句:
  • He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
  • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
14 retired Njhzyv     
adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的
参考例句:
  • The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
  • Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。
15 laterally opIzAf     
ad.横向地;侧面地;旁边地
参考例句:
  • Shafts were sunk, with tunnels dug laterally. 竖井已经打下,并且挖有横向矿道。
  • When the plate becomes unstable, it buckles laterally. 当板失去稳定时,就发生横向屈曲。
16 dwarf EkjzH     
n.矮子,侏儒,矮小的动植物;vt.使…矮小
参考例句:
  • The dwarf's long arms were not proportional to his height.那侏儒的长臂与他的身高不成比例。
  • The dwarf shrugged his shoulders and shook his head. 矮子耸耸肩膀,摇摇头。
17 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
18 irrelevant ZkGy6     
adj.不恰当的,无关系的,不相干的
参考例句:
  • That is completely irrelevant to the subject under discussion.这跟讨论的主题完全不相关。
  • A question about arithmetic is irrelevant in a music lesson.在音乐课上,一个数学的问题是风马牛不相及的。
19 vertically SfmzYG     
adv.垂直地
参考例句:
  • Line the pages for the graph both horizontally and vertically.在这几页上同时画上横线和竖线,以便制作图表。
  • The human brain is divided vertically down the middle into two hemispheres.人脑从中央垂直地分为两半球。
20 riddle WCfzw     
n.谜,谜语,粗筛;vt.解谜,给…出谜,筛,检查,鉴定,非难,充满于;vi.出谜
参考例句:
  • The riddle couldn't be solved by the child.这个谜语孩子猜不出来。
  • Her disappearance is a complete riddle.她的失踪完全是一个谜。
21 illustrate IaRxw     
v.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图
参考例句:
  • The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
  • This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。
22 penicillin sMXxv     
n.青霉素,盘尼西林
参考例句:
  • I should have asked him for a shot of penicillin.我应当让他给我打一针青霉素的。
  • Penicillin was an extremely significant medical discovery.青霉素是极其重要的医学发现。
23 subtraction RsJwl     
n.减法,减去
参考例句:
  • We do addition and subtraction in arithmetic.在算术里,我们作加减运算。
  • They made a subtraction of 50 dollars from my salary.他们从我的薪水里扣除了五十美元。
24 multiplication i15yH     
n.增加,增多,倍增;增殖,繁殖;乘法
参考例句:
  • Our teacher used to drum our multiplication tables into us.我们老师过去老是让我们反覆背诵乘法表。
  • The multiplication of numbers has made our club building too small.会员的增加使得我们的俱乐部拥挤不堪。
25 mediation 5Cxxl     
n.调解
参考例句:
  • The dispute was settled by mediation of the third country. 这场争端通过第三国的斡旋而得以解决。
  • The dispute was settled by mediation. 经调解使争端得以解决。
26 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
27 mediator uCkxk     
n.调解人,中介人
参考例句:
  • He always takes the role of a mediator in any dispute.他总是在争论中充当调停人的角色。
  • He will appear in the role of mediator.他将出演调停者。
28 frankly fsXzcf     
adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说
参考例句:
  • To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说,我一点也不赞成这个主意。
  • Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说,我不反对改革。
29 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
30 promptly LRMxm     
adv.及时地,敏捷地
参考例句:
  • He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。
  • She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。
31 lint 58azy     
n.线头;绷带用麻布,皮棉
参考例句:
  • Flicked the lint off the coat.把大衣上的棉绒弹掉。
  • There are a few problems of air pollution by chemicals,lint,etc.,but these are minor.化学品、棉花等也造成一些空气污染问题,但这是次要的。
32 brainstorm 7xCzbR     
vi.动脑筋,出主意,想办法,献计,献策
参考例句:
  • The women meet twice a month to brainstorm and set business goals for each other.她们每个月聚会两次,在一起出谋献策,为各自制定生意目标。
  • We can brainstorm a list of the most influential individuals in the company.我们可以集体讨论,列出该公司中最有影响的人员的名单。

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