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Step by Step2000第四册 Unit 10 Youth Aspirations

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(单词翻译)

Unit 10 Youth Aspirations1

Part I Warming up

A.

1. Over-scheduled syndrome2 -- the amount of free time for children dropping about 16% over the past few years

2. Cultural shift in the past few years

a. The past: children taking part in extracurricular activities (ballet, gymnastics, football) in a casual way

b. The present: a real emphasis and stress on these children to be experts / prodigies3 in these activities

3. Solution: parents saying "enough is enough" / cutting back / pulling children out of all their activities

Tapescript:

Market researchers estimate that the average teenager spends about $82 of their own money a week on clothing, food, and entertainment. But not all kids have time to go shopping. As a matter of fact, the amount of free time that children have has dropped about 16 percent over the last several years. Many call it the over-scheduled syndrome.

There's been a real cultural shift in this country in the past few years. It used to be that children could participate in ballet, or gymnastics, or football in a very casual way. Now there's a real emphasis and a real stress on these kids to be experts. The children are expected to become prodigies in whatever extracurricular activity it is that they choose.

Is it all necessary if the goal is simply to get into a selective college? Administration officers at Harvard University says, "No." Only one-third of the students they select are academic or extracurricular prodigies. The rest are quote "well-rounded and well-grounded."

What we're finding is that many parents now are starting to say "enough is enough," and they're cutting back. We've found parents who are pulling their children out of all of their activities. It's just too much stress on the children, too much time away from homework, time away from sleeping, time away from eating and enough, and a lot of parents now are just saying stop!

B. Read the following difficult sentences and listen.

1. First of all, throughout the ages back since the 40s, the 50s, young people have been portrayed4 very badly by the press.

2. This, I'm afraid, is absolute rubbish, but young people are reading these all the time.

3. They need a chance to take on personal challenges.

4. As I said at the President's Service Summit in Philadelphia this past April, the era of big government may be over, but big challenges remain for America, and they require an era of big citizenship5- an era with new partnerships7 between government and business and labor8, between wealthy, middle class and poor Americans, between cities, suburbs and rural areas and across all racial lines.

5. Our administration is busy following up on the commitments we made in Philadelphia at the Service Summit.

6. The Justice Department's new Mentoring9 Alliance will link children in need with volunteer mentors10.

Part II British youth

Tapescript:

-- What scares me most about my future is not knowing what I want to do or where I am going.

-- Not having any money.

-- Not being able to do things I want to do.

-- Young people are witty11, young people are creative.

-- I think the old ways are possibly changing and the kids who can cope with change are going to be the kids that succeed.

-- I think they need a hand. I think somebody needs to understand them a bit better.

-- They seem a lot more open-minded, they don't seem to be able to be led as much today as maybe kids of my age group -- the sixties and seventies.

-- Young people need more than anything an opportunity these days. They need a chance to take on personal challenges.

Tapescript:

The word "teenager" came into use in Britain in the 1950s when the young began to invent and adopt their own fashions, magazines, music and style. This was the birth of what we now know as youth culture.

It reached its heyday12 in the 60s with the advent13 of "swinging" London bands like the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and of course the mini-skirt. Through the 70s there was flower power, hippies, teenyboppers and Punk. The 1980s brought the new romantics, dance music -- and we also started to think about the future, ecology and all that ... What about the future? Where do they see themselves going? How do they feel about living in the Britain of today?

1. What's the bright side and the dark side for young people according to this passage?

Bright side: dancing, clubs, music, fashion and fun

Dark side: fights, trouble, hooliganism; drugs and anarchy14

2. What does the young Asian person say about being accepted in Britain?

not accepted ten years ago / gradually accept now / more people coming / different culture backgrounds

3. What's the purpose of setting up the organization in Britain?

a. To give advice

b. To help raise finance

c. To help raise finance ---

so as to help young people who would like to set up their own business with no money of their own

4. How many volunteers does the organization have?

Over 5,500.

5. How many new businesses will they start up this year?

About 3,700.

Tapescript:

-- What scares me most about my future is not knowing what I want to do or where I am going.

-- Not having any money.

-- Not being able to do things I want to do.

-- Young people are witty, young people are creative.

-- I think the old ways are possibly changing and the kids who can cope with change are going to be the kids that succeed.

-- I think they need a hand. I think somebody needs to understand them a bit better.

The word "teenager" came into use in Britain in the 1950s when the young began to invent and adopt their own fashions, magazines, music and style. This was the birth of what we now know as youth culture.

It reached its heyday in the 60s with the advent of "swinging" London bands like the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and of course the mini-skirt. Through the 70s there was flower power, hippies, teenyboppers and Punk. The 1980s brought the new romantics, dance music -- and we also started to think about the future, ecology and all that ... What about the future? Where do they see themselves going? How do they feel about living in the Britain of today?

When you think about young people, you might picture dancing, clubs, music, fashion and fun. But there is an equally well-known dark side: fights, trouble, hooliganism, drugs and anarchy. Is this a true picture or is there another more positive side that the media do not show?

I think the young of today are having a hard time. First of all, throughout the ages back since the 40s, the 50s, young people have been portrayed very badly by the press. The press say the young ... don't believe in anything, they don't want to do anything, they don't want to work, they don't want to get a job, they don't want to provide any help for anybody else. This, I'm afraid, is absolute rubbish, but young people are reading this all the time.

We visited the City of Newcastle in the northeast of England where there is a large multi-racial community. 'There we met a young man of Asian extraction.

-- What's it like being a young Asian person in Britain today in comparison to a few years ago? Is it some easier to keep a separated cultural identity yet at the same time to be accepted ?

-- It didn't ten years ago or something, but gradually just started accepting it. It's probably because there are more and more people from different culture backgrounds coming to this country. So people in this country are accepting it ...

These days many young people find that one of the best options open to them is to set up their own business. How can they do this especially if they have no money of their own?

There is an organization in Britain, which was set up specifically to help people in this situation. It was established to give advice to and help raise finance and provide support for new business ventures.

Chief executive Jeremy White told us about it.

"What we do is ... we have over five and half thousand volunteers from all over the country. We attach a volunteer to each business, not to run the business or interfere15 with it but just to help the young person through that process. Learning how to deal with the VAT16, how to negotiate with your bank manager, for example. And we give advice on how to do marketing17 and those skills that you need when you're starting up a business. In this year, we'll start up about 3,700 new businesses, for example, the window cleaners. Four young men from Birmingham, I mean they are just embarking18 and that business may grow or it might just keep them in employment, but that's a great success in itself."

-- They seem a lot more open-minded, they don't seem to be able to be led as much today as maybe kids of my age group -- the sixties and seventies.

-- Young people need more than anything an opportunity these days. They need a chance to take on personal challenges.

Part III Young people& citizen service

Outline

I. Topic: what we must do to make citizen service a part of every American's life

II. AmeriCorps -- a national service organization

A. Its function

B. What its members do

C. The government's support

D. Support from 77 organizations

III. Other commitments made by the national government at the Service Summit

A. The Department of Agriculture: a food recovery summit

B. The Justice Department: new Mentoring Alliance

C. The Department of Health and Human Service: new partnership6 with the Girl Scouts19 of America

IV. Making children learn commitment to community as early as possible

A. Creative ways to make service a part of the curriculum in high school or even middle school

B. The National Service Scholars Program

1. The government's offer

2. Support from communities and private service organizations

V. Conclusion: keeping the spirit of the Service Summit alive as we move into a new century

1. What do AmeriCorps members do?

a. Cleaning the environment

b. Helping20 at-risk children learn to read

c. Working with police to keep streets safe

d. Helping the nation reach record levels of child immunization

2. What would the American government do to support AmeriCorps?

It would provide 50,000 new AmeriCorps scholarships to organizations that offer young people the chance to serve.

3. What are the creative ways to make service a part of the curriculum in high school or even middle school?

a. Giving students credit for service

b. Incorporating service into course work

c. Putting service on a student's transcript21

d. Requiring service as a condition of graduation

4. How many high school students will receive scholarships for their service work? How much will they get?

1,600 high school students / up to $1,000

Tapescript:

Good morning. I want to talk with you today about what we must do to make citizen service a part of' every American's life for his or her entire lifetime. As I said at the President's Service Summit in Philadelphia this past April, the era of big government may be over, but big challenges remain for America, and they require an era of big citizenship -- an era with new partnerships between government and business and labor, between wealthy, middle class and poor Americans, between cities, suburbs and rural areas and across all racial lines. At the President's Service Summit, thousands of Americans pledged their commitment to service. As we prepared to go forward into a new century, every one of us must join them, so that we can meet our challenges and come together as one America.

For the past four and a half years, my administration has worked to give every American a chance to serve. We want to spark a renewed sense of obligation, a new sense of duty and a new season of service all across our nation.

Of everything we've done to meet that challenge, I am proudest of AmeriCorps, our national service organization that has helped more than 70,000 young Americans all over the country to earn money for college while serving in their communities.

AmeriCorps members do real work to address critical problems- from cleaning the environment, to helping at-risk children learn to read, to working with police to keep our streets safe, to helping our nation reach record levels of child immunization.

At the Service Summit, one of the goals for young Americans announced by the President and General Powell was that every young American should be challenged and given the chance to do citizen service. To support that goal, I announced at the summit that our administration would provide 50,000 new AmeriCorps scholarships over the next five years to organizations that offer young people the chance to serve. I am pleased to say today that 77 organizations have answered that challenge by offering to sponsor 10,000 new AmeriCorps members next year alone. I thank them for their commitment.

The success of AmeriCorps proves that citizen service works. And it's, only one of the many things the national government is doing to work in partnership with citizens, businesses and civic22 groups. Our administration is busy following up on the commitments we made in Philadelphia at the Service Summit. This fall, for example, the Department of Agriculture will hold a food recovery summit to help organize volunteers to distribute food to the needy23. The Justice Department's new Mentoring Alliance will link children in need with volunteer mentors. And the Department of Health and Human Service's new partnership with the Girl Scouts of America will teach girls about the dangers of drugs. In all these ways, we are committed to encouraging service throughout American life.

Commitment to community should be an ethic24 that our children learn as early as possible, so that they carry it with them throughout their lives. That's why I have called on every state to make service a part of the curriculum in high school or even middle school. There are many creative ways to do this -- including giving students credit for service, incorporating service into course work, putting service on a student's transcript, or even requiring service as a condition of graduation, as Maryland does.

In addition to the AmeriCorps scholarship program we announced at the Service Summit, last year we took additional steps to encourage our young people to serve in their communities while in high school. We said we would offer $500 scholarships to high school juniors and seniors with the best record of service in their class if their communities and private service organizations would match that amount.

Just a year later, I am proud to say that some of our nation's most prominent service organizations have answered that call. Today, I'm pleased to announce that 1,600 high school students -some of whom are standing25 with me today -- will receive scholarships of up to $1,000 to help pay for college.

This is just the first year of the National Service Scholars Program. I know that next year it will be even bigger. Our goal is to make this program available in every high school, so that every high school principal in America can stand before a graduating class and announce the name of a National Service Scholar. With the support of groups like those who have already committed to help, I am confident we can make it happen.

Something very important to our nation occurred at the President's Service Summit. There, people from all walks of life looked beyond their differences and came together around the common goal of serving our country, to give all our young people a chance to have a better life. This is the way we have to meet our challenges: business working together with government and labor, religious and community groups joining forces, people lending a hand to help one another. Today, we take another important step to build on that progress.

The spirit of the Service Summit is stronger than ever, and it's up to us -- all of us -- to keep it alive as we move forward together into a new century.

Thanks for listening.

Part IV Listen and relax

Tapescript:

The United States is in the midst of a boom in new business creations, one that is being carried out primarily by entrepreneurs in their teens, twenties and thirties. Never before have so many young people started so many businesses.

Technology is changing everything, says Kate O'Halloran, who helps run a graduate entrepreneur program at Babson College in Wellesley, Massachusetts. And no one, she says, is more tuned26 in to the latest technology than young people. Add to that the unusually long recent period of national prosperity, Mrs. O'Halloran says, and you have a youthful generation with a unique outlook on life. This new generation of twenty and thirty somethings have never really seen a war, they've never really had an economic depression. They are absolutely willing and able to take more financial risks, social risks. The stigma27 of having a start-up that has failed is almost a badge of honor, which is certainly unique to this country and very, very different than in years past.

Business historian Rita David agrees there's never been a period in American history where so many young people have started businesses that have made them so wealthy so quickly. But, she says, there have been periods which share some of today's characteristics. She points to the turn of the last century, the late 1800s and early 1900s as an example. It was a time of huge technological28 change, and you've always had tremendous opportunity when you've had tremendous change in technology. You had a huge influx29 of immigrants into the country, really following the notion of the American dream, which is that America was the land of infinite opportunity. It was then Rita David said that Scottish immigrant Andrew Carnegie founded a steel plant that would eventually make him the richest man in the world. It was in that period, she says, that banker J. P. Morgan provided venture capital for such new firms as International Harvester, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, and General Electric. Like today, she says, there was a sense of limitless possibility.

What always happened in the past is that you had these huge boom times, you had this huge movement of entrepreneurialism, which always trickled30 down to the whole population, and really moved the American standard of living up a notch31. Hopefully, she says, today's entrepreneurial boom will have similar results.
 


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 aspirations a60ebedc36cdd304870aeab399069f9e     
强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 ); 志向; 发送气音; 发 h 音
参考例句:
  • I didn't realize you had political aspirations. 我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。
  • The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。
2 syndrome uqBwu     
n.综合病症;并存特性
参考例句:
  • The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
  • Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。
3 prodigies 352859314f7422cfeba8ad2800e139ec     
n.奇才,天才(尤指神童)( prodigy的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • It'seldom happened that a third party ever witnessed any of these prodigies. 这类壮举发生的时候,难得有第三者在场目睹过。 来自辞典例句
  • She is by no means inferior to other prodigies. 她绝不是不如其他神童。 来自互联网
4 portrayed a75f5b1487928c9f7f165b2773c13036     
v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 );描述;描绘;描画
参考例句:
  • Throughout the trial, he portrayed himself as the victim. 在审讯过程中,他始终把自己说成是受害者。
  • The author portrayed his father as a vicious drunkard. 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的酒鬼。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
5 citizenship AV3yA     
n.市民权,公民权,国民的义务(身份)
参考例句:
  • He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生,但没有瑞典公民身分。
  • Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后,她选择了澳大利亚国籍。
6 partnership NmfzPy     
n.合作关系,伙伴关系
参考例句:
  • The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
  • Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。
7 partnerships ce2e6aff420d72bbf56e8077be344bc9     
n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 );合伙人身份;合作关系
参考例句:
  • Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
  • It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句
8 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
9 mentoring 927b67a2488cee0c1ff61a0b43695f30     
n.mentoring是一种工作关系。mentor通常是处在比mentee更高工作职位上的有影响力的人。他/她有比‘mentee’更丰富的工作经验和知识,并用心支持mentee的职业(发展)。v.(无经验之人的)有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • One of the most effective instruments for coaching and mentoring is the "role rehearsal" . 辅导和教学的最有效的手段之一是“角色排练。” 来自辞典例句
  • Bell Canada called their mentoring system a buddy-buddy system. 加拿大贝尔公司称他们的训导系统是伙伴—伙伴系统。 来自互联网
10 mentors 5f11aa0dab3d5db90b5a4f26c992ec2a     
n.(无经验之人的)有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的名词复数 )v.(无经验之人的)有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Beacham and McNamara, my two mentors, had both warned me. 我的两位忠实朋友,比彻姆和麦克纳马拉都曾经警告过我。 来自辞典例句
  • These are the kinds of contacts that could evolve into mentors. 这些人是可能会成为你导师。 来自互联网
11 witty GMmz0     
adj.机智的,风趣的
参考例句:
  • Her witty remarks added a little salt to the conversation.她的妙语使谈话增添了一些风趣。
  • He scored a bull's-eye in their argument with that witty retort.在他们的辩论中他那一句机智的反驳击中了要害。
12 heyday CdTxI     
n.全盛时期,青春期
参考例句:
  • The 19th century was the heyday of steam railways.19世纪是蒸汽机车鼎盛的时代。
  • She was a great singer in her heyday.她在自己的黄金时代是个了不起的歌唱家。
13 advent iKKyo     
n.(重要事件等的)到来,来临
参考例句:
  • Swallows come by groups at the advent of spring. 春天来临时燕子成群飞来。
  • The advent of the Euro will redefine Europe.欧元的出现将重新定义欧洲。
14 anarchy 9wYzj     
n.无政府状态;社会秩序混乱,无秩序
参考例句:
  • There would be anarchy if we had no police.要是没有警察,社会就会无法无天。
  • The country was thrown into a state of anarchy.这国家那时一下子陷入无政府状态。
15 interfere b5lx0     
v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰
参考例句:
  • If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话,可能弊多利少。
  • When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件,棘手的事情就来了。
16 vat sKszW     
n.(=value added tax)增值税,大桶
参考例句:
  • The office is asking for the vat papers.办事处要有关增值税的文件。
  • His father emptied sacks of stale rye bread into the vat.他父亲把一袋袋发霉的黑面包倒进大桶里。
17 marketing Boez7e     
n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
参考例句:
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
18 embarking 7f8892f8b0a1076133045fdfbf3b8512     
乘船( embark的现在分词 ); 装载; 从事
参考例句:
  • He's embarking on a new career as a writer. 他即将开始新的职业生涯——当一名作家。
  • The campaign on which were embarking was backed up by such intricate and detailed maintenance arrangemets. 我们实施的战争,须要如此复杂及详细的维护准备。
19 scouts e6d47327278af4317aaf05d42afdbe25     
侦察员[机,舰]( scout的名词复数 ); 童子军; 搜索; 童子军成员
参考例句:
  • to join the Scouts 参加童子军
  • The scouts paired off and began to patrol the area. 巡逻人员两个一组,然后开始巡逻这个地区。
20 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
21 transcript JgpzUp     
n.抄本,誊本,副本,肄业证书
参考例句:
  • A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
  • They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。
22 civic Fqczn     
adj.城市的,都市的,市民的,公民的
参考例句:
  • I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。
  • The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。
23 needy wG7xh     
adj.贫穷的,贫困的,生活艰苦的
参考例句:
  • Although he was poor,he was quite generous to his needy friends.他虽穷,但对贫苦的朋友很慷慨。
  • They awarded scholarships to needy students.他们给贫苦学生颁发奖学金。
24 ethic ziGz4     
n.道德标准,行为准则
参考例句:
  • They instilled the work ethic into their children.他们在孩子们的心中注入了职业道德的理念。
  • The connotation of education ethic is rooted in human nature's mobility.教育伦理的内涵根源于人本性的变动性。
25 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
26 tuned b40b43fd5af2db4fbfeb4e83856e4876     
adj.调谐的,已调谐的v.调音( tune的过去式和过去分词 );调整;(给收音机、电视等)调谐;使协调
参考例句:
  • The resort is tuned in to the tastes of young and old alike. 这个度假胜地适合各种口味,老少皆宜。
  • The instruments should be tuned up before each performance. 每次演出开始前都应将乐器调好音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
27 stigma WG2z4     
n.耻辱,污名;(花的)柱头
参考例句:
  • Being an unmarried mother used to carry a social stigma.做未婚母亲在社会上曾是不光彩的事。
  • The stigma of losing weighed heavily on the team.失败的耻辱让整个队伍压力沉重。
28 technological gqiwY     
adj.技术的;工艺的
参考例句:
  • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
  • Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
29 influx c7lxL     
n.流入,注入
参考例句:
  • The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.这个国家实在不能接纳这么多涌入的难民。
  • Textile workers favoured protection because they feared an influx of cheap cloth.纺织工人拥护贸易保护措施,因为他们担心涌入廉价纺织品。
30 trickled 636e70f14e72db3fe208736cb0b4e651     
v.滴( trickle的过去式和过去分词 );淌;使)慢慢走;缓慢移动
参考例句:
  • Blood trickled down his face. 血从他脸上一滴滴流下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The tears trickled down her cheeks. 热泪一滴滴从她脸颊上滚下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
31 notch P58zb     
n.(V字形)槽口,缺口,等级
参考例句:
  • The peanuts they grow are top-notch.他们种的花生是拔尖的。
  • He cut a notch in the stick with a sharp knife.他用利刃在棒上刻了一个凹痕。

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