文章列表

• 1.美国学生人类历史 第148期:教皇与皇帝之争(4)
• In the year 1059 this had been changed. 不过到公元1059年，情况发生了变化。 By a decree of Pope Nicholas II the principal priests and deacons of the ch...
• 2.美国学生人类历史 第147期:教皇与皇帝之争(3)
• It was never easy to give the correct answer. 给出正确的答案真是挺困难的。 When the Emperor happened to be a man of energy and was sufficiently well p...
• 3.美国学生人类历史 第146期:教皇与皇帝之争(2)
• The people of the early Middle Ages never saw a textbook of Roman history. 中世纪的人们从未读过任何一本有关罗马历史的教科书。 They were ignorant of ma...
• 4.美国学生人类历史 第145期:教皇与皇帝之争(1)
• Chapter 33 Pope vs. emperor 第三十三章 教皇与皇帝之争 The strange double loyalty of the people of the middle ages and how it led to endless quarrels b...
• 5.美国学生人类历史 第144期:骑士精神(3)
• Like all human institutions, Knighthood was doomed to perish as soon as it had outlived its usefulness. 像所有的人类制度一样，骑士制度一旦衰老无用，它...
• 6.美国学生人类历史 第143期:骑士精神(2)
• A young knight therefore was asked to swear that he would be faithful as a servant to God and as a servant to his King. 因此，一个年轻骑士起誓，他将永...
• 7.美国学生人类历史 第142期:骑士精神(1)
• Chapter 32 Chivalry 第三十二章 骑士精神 It was quite natural that the professional fighting-men of the Middle Ages should try to establish some sort o...
• 8.美国学生人类历史 第141期:封建制度(4)
• He looked after the dikes so that the countryside should not be flooded 他还担当着照看水坝的职责，以免四周的乡野受洪水之患 (just as the first noblemen...
• 9.美国学生人类历史 第140期:封建制度(3)
• These dukes and counts and barons had sworn to be faithful to the king who had given them their feudum (hence our word feudal,) 这些公爵、伯爵、男爵们...
• 10.美国学生人类历史 第139期:封建制度(2)
• Unfortunately the power of the kings of France did not stretch beyond the moat of their royal residence, 不过很不幸的是，法兰西国王的权力从没能越出他...